Conditions Favorable for Disease Onset:
The disease spreads in high temperatures ranging from 25-30 degrees Celsius, coupled with soil moisture levels exceeding 50%. Infection does not occur in well-ventilated and well-drained soils. In heavy soils, particularly when wounds occur in the plant's neck region due to either labor or other causes, or when cultivation is deep enough to bury the plant's neck area in the soil, the infection becomes severe.
Causes:
- Increased watering.
- Lack of drainage and blockage.
- High humidity levels.
- Poor air circulation in the area.
Symptoms:
When plants are affected by this disease, rot is observed on the stem, turning brown and becoming soft. Yellow, red, or brown spots form on the surface of leaves and flower buds, resembling soft flour. Sometimes, this leads to leaf fall after drying.
Prevention:
- Cultivating in sterilized soil.
- Surface cultivation, ensuring the plant's neck area protrudes above the soil surface.
- Eliminating infected plants.
- Avoiding excessive watering.
- Cultivating in light, well-drained soil.
